- BOOK ID
- point
- Preface
- The Author and His Works
- 1. The Metaphorical Interpretation of the Baring of the Shank (Kashfu 'S-Saq)
- 2. The Metaphorical Interpretation of "The Hand (Al-Yad)"
- 3. The Breathing of the Spirit (into man) (Nafkhu 'l-Arwah)
- 4. Metonym and Metaphor (in the Qur’an)
- 5. The Attribution of Scheming: beguiling and Mockery to Allah
- 6. The Attribution of Forgetfulness to Allah
- 7. The Attributes of Allah (Sifat Allah)
- 8. The Belief concerning the Origination of Human Actions
- 9. Concerning Human Actions (faslun fi af‘Ali 'L-khalq)
- 10. Predestination and Free Will (Al-Jabr wa 't-tafwid)
- 11. The Belief concerning Allah's Intention and Will (Al-Mashiah Wa 'l-Iradah)
- 12. The belief concerning destiny and decree (Al-Qada’ wa 'L-Qadar)
- 13. The interpretation of the reports concerning Al-Qada’ and Al-Qadar
- 14. The Natural Religion (Al-Fitrah)
- 15. Concerning Human Capacity (Al -Istita‘Ah)
- 16. Concerning Al-bada’
- 17. Concerning Religious Disputation (Al-Jidal)
- 18. The belief concerning the tablet and the pen (Al-Lawh Wa 'L-Qalam)
- 19. The Metaphysical Meaning of the Throne (Al-‘Arsh)
- 20. Concerning Souls and Spirits (Al-Arwah wa 'n-Nufus)
- 21. What Ash-Shaykh Abu Ja‘far has described about Death
- 22. The Belief concerning the questioning in the Grave
- 23. What Ash-Shaykh Abu Ja‘far has mentioned about Divine Justice
- 24. Chapter on Al-A‘raf
- 25. The Belief concerning the Bridge (As-Sirat)
- 26. Chapter concerning Al-‘Aqabat
- 27. The belief concerning reckoning and balance (Al-Hisab wa 'l-Mizan)
- 28. Concerning Paradise and Hell (Al -Jannah wa 'N-nar)
- 29. The Point of Unbelief
- 30. Concerning the descent of revelation (Nuzulu 'l-Wahy)
- 31. On the Revelation of the Qur’an (Nuzulu 'l-Qur’an)
- 32. The Belief on Impeccability (Al-‘Ismah)
- 33. Chapter on Excess and Delegation (Al-Ghuluww wa’t-Tafwid)
- 34. On Dissimulation (At-Taqiyyah)
- 35. That the ancestors of the prophet were monotheists (Muwahhidun)
- 36. Concerning the interpretation of the verse 42:43
- 37. On Prohibition and Permission (Al-Hazr wa 'l-Ibahah)
- 38. On Medicine (At-Tibb)
- 39. On the Divergent Traditions (Al -Ahadithu 'l-Mukhtalifah)
- Bibliography
The Emendation of A Shi‘ite Creed
BOOK ID
Author(s): Shaykh al-Mufid
Translator(s): Irfan ‘Abdu l-Hamid
Publisher(s): World Organization for Islamic Services (WOFIS)
Category: General
Topic Tags: Shiite Creed
Featured Category: Resources for Further Research
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This text is a translation of Tashihu 'l-I‘tiqad of Abu ‘Abdillah, Muhammad ibn Muhammad ibn Nu‘man, Known as ash-Shaykh al-Mufid (336/948 or 338/950 – 413/1022)
Preface
The intellectual relationship between the Mu‘tazilite school of thought and Shi‘ism, which constitutes, as the late Prof. Macdonald noticed, "the great mystery of Muslim history", was referred to by many classical as well as modern scholars. The different opinions expressed by them on this complicated subject can be reduced to two theories.
Those who maintain that Shi‘ism has elaborated its theology on a basis borrowed from the intellectual system of the Mu‘tazilites, to which the Shi‘ah divines affiliated themselves during the fourth century of the Hijra. This theory seems to be very old in origin, since as early as the fourth century some, such as ash-Shaykh al-Mufid, wrote a refutation of it. Among the Sunnite theologians ash-Shahrastani, lbn Taymiyyah and ad-Dawani supported it. Recently both Goldziher and Adam Mez have also championed it.
Contrary to this is the theory advanced by the Shi‘ite theologians themselves who resented the whole aspersion of borrowing, and were engaged in intellectual controversies in an effort to repudiate it, directing their fiercest attacks against this so-called "false allegation". They were not content with this negative refutation but also alleged that the whole Mu‘tazilite system was itself a product of the teachings of
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